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39. Frage
For the TSB case what was the cause of the outage at the heart of the case?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Step 1: Understanding the TSB Case
The TSB outage in 2018 was caused by a failed IT migration from its old banking system to a new one.
The transition locked millions of customers out of their accounts for weeks, resulting in financial losses and reputational damage.
Step 2: Why Option C Is Correct
TSB attempted to move customer data to a new banking platform, but serious defects in the migration process led to service failures.
PRMIA and UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) reports confirmed that poor IT risk management was a key failure.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("Liquidity squeeze by hedge-fund")
Incorrect because TSB's failure was due to IT migration issues, not a liquidity crisis.
Option B ("Sub-standard risk pricing and risk management")
Incorrect because pricing models were not the cause-it was an IT system failure.
Option D ("IT models did not work if prices were discontinuous")
Incorrect as this issue is more common in high-frequency trading failures, not banking system outages.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
UK FCA Investigation on TSB Incident - Confirms IT migration failure as root cause.
PRMIA IT Risk Management Framework - Highlights risks of major IT transitions.
Final Conclusion:
The TSB outage was caused by a failed IT migration, making Option C the correct answer.
40. Frage
How should Near Misses and Opportunity Costs be treated within Operational Risk?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Near Misses in Operational Risk
A near miss is an event that could have led to a loss but was avoided or mitigated before actual financial impact occurred.
PRMIA emphasizes that near misses should be reported, recorded, and analyzed because they provide valuable insights into potential vulnerabilities in risk controls.
However, since they did not result in actual financial losses, they are not included in the calculation of Operational Risk Capital.
Opportunity Costs in Operational Risk
Opportunity costs refer to the loss of potential gains due to missed strategic opportunities.
These are not directly quantifiable as operational risk losses and are not included in Operational Risk Capital calculations.
PRMIA's Operational Risk Framework states that operational risk is about actual losses rather than theoretical costs.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Ignored.
Incorrect - Near misses and opportunity costs provide valuable insights into operational risk, so they should never be ignored.
B . Recorded and Analyzed. Used in calculation of Operational Risk Capital.
Incorrect - While they should be recorded and analyzed, they are not included in Operational Risk Capital calculations because they do not result in actual losses.
D . Reported, Recorded, and Analyzed, Used in calculation of Operational Risk Capital.
Incorrect - Reporting, recording, and analysis are correct, but they should not be included in capital calculations.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Operational Risk Management Standards - Defines near misses and opportunity costs.
Basel II & III Operational Risk Framework - Outlines the principles of operational risk capital calculations.
41. Frage
In relation to the template for writing policy documents, which one of the following pairings of requirements is correct? A well designed policy will include:
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Step 1: Key Elements of a Well-Designed Policy Document
A well-designed policy should include:
Scope - Who the policy applies to.
Exception Handling - How and where exceptions should be requested.
Accountability - Who is responsible for enforcement.
Step 2: Why Option C is Correct
A policy must clearly define exceptions and the process for requesting them.
It should also define areas where the policy does not apply to avoid confusion.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("List of exceptions for board members' families") → Incorrect because policies should apply consistently to all stakeholders.
Option B ("List of acceptable fonts and margin types") → Incorrect because formatting is secondary to content clarity.
Option D ("To whom the policy applies and an additional management report") → Incorrect because policy scope should not include unnecessary reports.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA Policy Writing Guidelines - Defines policy structure and exception handling.
ISO 19600 Compliance Management Standard - Supports clear, well-documented policies.
Final Conclusion:
A well-designed policy clearly defines exceptions and their handling process, making Option C the correct answer.
42. Frage
Under the previous Basel II approach, which was not an approach for operational risk?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Overview of Basel II Approaches for Operational Risk
Basel II introduced three main approaches to calculating capital requirements for operational risk:
Basic Indicator Approach (BIA)
The Standardized Approach (TSA)
Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA)
Why Answer D is Correct
Alternative Measurement Approach (AMA) is not a recognized Basel II approach.
The correct term under Basel II was Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA).
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Basic Indicator Approach (BIA).
Correct - A simple approach where capital is set as a fixed percentage of gross income.
B . The Standardized Approach (TSA).
Correct - Categorizes operational risk into business lines, each with assigned risk factors.
C . Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA).
Correct - Uses internal models to calculate capital requirements based on loss data, scenario analysis, and risk controls.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
Basel II Framework for Operational Risk (2004)
PRMIA Risk Management Guidelines
43. Frage
In relation to financial crime. OFAC is a definition for which organization?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Step 1: Understanding OFAC
OFAC (Office of Foreign Assets Control) is a U.S. Treasury Department agency responsible for enforcing economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals.
It prevents financial crime by restricting transactions with sanctioned individuals, entities, and countries.
Step 2: Role of OFAC in Financial Crime Prevention
OFAC administers sanctions to prevent money laundering, terrorism financing, and other illicit activities.
Financial institutions must comply with OFAC regulations to avoid heavy fines and reputational damage.
PRMIA's Financial Crime Risk Guidelines emphasize the importance of OFAC compliance in risk management.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("Office of Financial Asset Control") - Incorrect wording; OFAC deals with foreign assets, not just financial assets.
Option B ("Office of Foreigner and Other Control") - OFAC does not regulate foreigners broadly; it targets specific foreign assets and transactions.
Option C ("Office for Asset Control") - Missing "Foreign", which is critical to OFAC's function.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA Financial Crime Risk Management Guidelines - Emphasizes regulatory compliance with OFAC.
PRMIA Compliance and Sanctions Risk Standards - Stresses the role of OFAC in preventing illicit financial activities.
Final Conclusion:
OFAC stands for the Office of Foreign Assets Control, making Option D the correct answer.
44. Frage
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